Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement

Authorship and Contributorship

Authorship is determined by significant contributions to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the research. All individuals who meet these criteria should be included as co-authors, and the corresponding author must ensure that all co-authors have approved the final version of the manuscript and its submission for publication. Transparency is crucial, and authors must provide a description of their individual contributions to the work.

Plagiarism Detection

Plagiarism is strictly prohibited. Authors must ensure their work is original and properly cite or quote the work of others. Our journal employs plagiarism detection software to screen all submitted manuscripts. Manuscripts found to contain significant plagiarism will be rejected, and authors involved in plagiarism will face sanctions, which may include rejection of their work and prohibition from future submissions.

Conflict of Interest

All potential conflicts of interest must be disclosed by authors, including any financial or substantive interests that could influence the results or interpretation of their work. Editors and reviewers are also required to disclose conflicts of interest and recuse themselves from handling manuscripts where such conflicts exist.

Peer Review Process

We employ a double-blind peer review process to ensure impartial and fair evaluation of manuscripts. Reviewers must treat manuscripts as confidential and must not disclose any information about the submissions to others outside the review process. Reviews should be objective, with clear, evidence-based arguments, and must avoid personal criticism of the authors.

Ethical Treatment of Subjects

Research involving human subjects must comply with all relevant laws and institutional guidelines, and must be approved by the appropriate ethical committees. For studies involving animals, compliance with institutional guidelines is required. Authors must include a statement of informed consent for human subjects and ensure that the privacy rights of participants are upheld.

Data Integrity and Reproducibility

We encourage authors to share their data to support the reproducibility of their research. Manuscripts should include detailed methodologies to enable replication of the study. Data should be available for public access where possible, and authors must retain data for a reasonable period after publication.

Publication Ethics Violations

The journal takes allegations of publication misconduct seriously and follows the guidelines set forth by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) in investigating and resolving such issues. Misconduct includes data fabrication, falsification, and unethical research practices. Authors found guilty of misconduct may face retraction of their published articles, prohibition from future submissions, and notification of their institution.

Copyright and Licensing

Authors retain copyright of their published articles but grant the journal the right to publish, distribute, and archive their work. The journal uses a Creative Commons license, allowing others to freely access, use, and distribute the work with appropriate credit to the authors. All articles are published under this license to ensure broad dissemination and accessibility.

Retraction and Corrections

Articles may be retracted if they are found to violate ethical guidelines, contain significant errors, or if there is evidence of misconduct. Retraction notices will be published to explain the reasons for the retraction. If errors are identified in a published article, a correction or erratum will be issued. Authors are responsible for notifying the journal of any errors in their work.

Editorial Independence

The editorial board operates independently to maintain the integrity of editorial decisions. Editors make decisions based solely on the quality and relevance of the manuscripts and are free from external influences. Any potential conflicts of interest involving editors or reviewers are managed transparently to uphold the credibility of the publication process.