There is increasing demand for new treatment agents in the recent past, attributed to alarming increase in antimicrobial resistance globally. In this confrontation, candidates with broad-spectrum antibacterial performance and a high level of structural variability appeared; one of them is thiadiazole derivatives with the participation of sulfur-nitrogen cycles. That is why they can become a kind of stents for fighting infections that are unaffected by multiple drugs. This review seeks to include the background on thiadiazole derived compounds beginning with the simple heterocyclic derivatives to the potent bioactive agents, and their antibacterial alternatives. Modern fabrication processes in chemistry have embraced microwave assisted synthesis and green chemistry which in molecules’ fabrication offer structural variety, great productivity and minimal environmental impact. There is an indication of an important role of functional group changes in increasing the potency of the antibiotics by performing an analysis of the structure-activity relationship (SAR). Other aspects are treated in the review, such as enzyme inhibition, microbial membrane disruption, and the inhibition of biofilm formation. Ongoing challenges include toxicity and bioavailability issues, which for several years have raised questions about the future of new directions like the synthesis of hybrid molecules and the application of nanotechnology. The thiadiazole class of compounds meets the traditional requirements of medicinal chemistry and the new frontiers of today’s pharmaceutical industry. In order to proving their value in current antibiotic resistance struggle, this review collects current information and looks at future research possibilities. Thiadiazole molecules can be positioned to radically transform the antimicrobial therapeutics through addressing a significant challenge in the world health care sector by wise chemistry and utilization.

Background: Metabolic disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia represent interconnected global health challenges with escalating prevalence. Despite advances in pharmacotherapy, conventional treatments often fail to address the multifactorial nature of these conditions and pose risks of side effects. Berberis vulgaris (barberry), a medicinal plant enriched with berberine and other bioactive compounds, has emerged as a promising alternative due to its multi-targeted therapeutic potential. This review explores the role of B. vulgaris in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders, highlighting its innovative mechanisms and clinical applicability. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to analysed preclinical and clinical studies on B. vulgaris. Phytochemical profiling using advanced techniques like HPLC and GC-MS was assessed, along with pharmacological evaluations of its anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. Mechanistic pathways, including AMPK activation, RAAS modulation, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibition, were explored. Toxicity studies and emerging formulation strategies, such as nanomedicines and functional foods, were reviewed to evaluate safety and efficacy. Results: B. vulgaris exhibits potent therapeutic activity by lowering blood glucose, regulating blood pressure, and reducing lipid levels. Recent evidence also highlights its role in gut microbiota modulation, oxidative stress reduction, and anti-inflammatory action, offering a systemic approach to metabolic regulation. Advanced formulations, including barberry-based nutraceuticals, have enhanced bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes in recent studies. Conclusion: Berberis vulgaris offers an innovative, nature-inspired solution for addressing metabolic disorders. While its potential is evident, further large-scale clinical trials and formulation standardization are imperative to integrate it into mainstream healthcare.

Background: In the evolving paradigm of green pharmacology, Terminalia arjuna is emerging as a potent, bio-inspired solution for tackling kidney stone disease (urolithiasis). Revered in Ayurveda for its cardioprotective and nephroprotective properties, T. arjuna is now positioned as a multidisciplinary powerhouse in the realm of smart, sustainable therapeutics. Its complex phytochemical landscape, enriched with arjunic acid, flavonoids, and saponins, drives a holistic approach to treating urolithiasis by addressing not only the stones but also the underlying metabolic and oxidative imbalances. Methods: This review integrates quantum molecular modeling, artificial intelligence (AI)-powered predictive analytics, and nanopharmacology to explore T. arjuna’s multifaceted action against kidney stones. Through advanced computational simulations, the interactions of T. arjuna’s active compounds with stone-forming molecules are mapped, while cutting-edge nanocarrier systems and bio-nanotechnology are explored for enhancing targeted renal delivery. The review also delves into the biomolecular and genomic pathways modulated by T. arjuna in preventing stone formation and enhancing renal tissue regeneration. Results: T. arjuna offers an innovative, multi-pronged attack against urolithiasis, leveraging its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and crystallization-modifying properties. AI-driven modeling identifies its molecular binding sites in the renal system, while smart nanostructures increase bioavailability and tissue specificity. Evidence from in-vitro and in-vivo studies underscores its ability to prevent stone formation, dissolve existing stones, and promote renal regeneration. Conclusion: Terminalia arjuna transcends its historical roots, emerging as a bio-digital hybrid in renal therapeutics. By merging AI, nanotechnology, and plant-based precision medicine, it promises a personalized, eco-sustainable future in kidney stone management.

In the dynamic frontier of precision medicine, Syzygium cumini (Jamun) emerges as a bioinformatics-driven therapeutic marvel, poised to revolutionize the treatment of chronic conditions like diabetes, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Traditionally celebrated in Ayurveda for its medicinal properties, this plant is now a beacon for the convergence of ethnopharmacology, synthetic biology, and quantum pharmacology. With its vast array of bioactive compounds, S. cumini is redefining the landscape of modern drug discovery, opening new doors for multi-targeted, systems-based treatments. This review applies a transdisciplinary approach, combining ancient medicinal wisdom with state-of-the-art computational biology, quantum molecular docking, and nano-bioengineering. Omics technologies (genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics) are integrated with AI-driven data mining, synthetic biology models, and systems pharmacology to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying S. cumini's therapeutic effects. We also explore the role of programmable nanocarriers, smart drug delivery systems, and bioprinting for targeted, personalized therapeutics. Syzygium cumini holds a dynamic phytochemical profile, with anthocyanins, flavonoids, and ellagitannins acting on insulin signaling, oxidative stress regulation, and epigenetic modulation. Cutting-edge bioinformatics tools reveal multi-target interactions, suggesting a holistic therapeutic approach for diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Quantum pharmacology and molecular modeling predict synergistic interactions with unconventional drug targets, amplifying its efficacy. Syzygium cumini is no longer just a plant; it is a bio-digital platform for the next generation of personalized, multi-dimensional medicine. Harnessing its full potential requires the integration of AI, synthetic biology, and eco-sustainable nanotechnology, shaping the future of bio-intelligent therapeutics.