Oxidative stress, among other things, contributes to aging, which is an ordinary though multifactorial process in the cells of the body. Oxidative stress, which is the disturbance with an equilibrium between body-generated ROS and antioxidants, is the main causative agent of aging and age-related diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular illnesses, and diabetes. Polyphenol antioxidants in food and medicinal plants have come to limelight as weapons against oxidative stress in the recent past. Carotenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and other words are some of the bioactive compounds of foods, beverages, and herbs that perform several tasks that include scavenging of free radicals, alteration of the cellular signal transduction pathways, return of cellular oxidant balance, and boosting of the cells’ automatic protective mechanisms. This review includes analysis of the plant Origin, chemical constitutions and the healing and antagonism possessed by natural antioxidants and their pharmacognostic account. In an effort to have uniformity in analyzing these chemicals, newer techniques such as HPLC spectroscopy and chromatography are valued. The versatility of antioxidants in therapeutic applications is well illustrated in such examples as quercetien, resveratrol, curcumin. They highlighted that clinical research of the effects of geroprotectors is presented as a connection between pharmacognostic research and clinical practice, which can show their ability to fight age-related diseases and slow down aging. Innovative strategies to tackle problems such as unequal effectiveness and poor solubility are on the agenda, including features such as nanotechnology platform, ethosomal forms and bioenhancers. Only when entailing traditional pharmacognostic practices and advanced modern technology discoveries is the comprehensive recuperative significance of natural antioxidants best realized, as the present article underlines. With an aim to build a healthier and stronger populace for aging, this review attempts to encapsulate existing evidence base and forward-looking perspectives. It is made for the purpose of advancing knowledge and encourage future work in the area of anti-aging and diseases.

Benzimidazole scaffold has gained a great deal of attention in the last decades as they exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial propensity and represent a privileged structure for several biological activities. This review clearly discusses all new approaches in benizmidazole derivatives fabrication and structure optimization to increase their mother nucleus potential applications as antibacterial agents. We discuss several synthetic methods comprising of conventional pathways, and a new paradigm as microwave assisted synthesis, green chemistry methods, and multicomponent reactions. We also discuss structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies focusing on the essential functional groups and structural variations responsible for antibacterial activity. In this review, we provide information about the potential therapeutic applications of these categories of benzimidazole derivatives which may work as a scaffold for the development of new antibacterial agents, and we also try to explain the molecular basis of antibacterial action of benzimidazole derivatives. The current review probes an imperative specter of novel synthesis approaches are reported for enhanced structure of benzimidazoles as antibacterial drug candidates.

Technological advances show progressive neuronal loss, cognition, and motor function in neurodegenerative diseases that include Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s which contribute to the most disabling conditions people live with. The current therapies aim only at the manifesting signs of a disease and not the root causes, and this after over thirty years of research. To meet this therapeutic need, innovative therapies that address the involved complex pathology of these diseases are required. Another promising approach in the search for new agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: Alkaloids of plant origin, which the nature has no lack as a chemist. In natural nitrogenous compounds called alkaloids, one detects a spectrum of pharmacological actions that suits the neuroprotective needs best. Huperzine A – derived from Lycopodium species, is a neurological drug that is an acetylcholinesterase, while galantamine derived from Amaryllidaceae plants has revolutionized the treatment of Alzheimer disease by modifying the cholinergic system. Berberine, a naturally occurring alkaloid from the plant Berberis species and reserpine, an alkaloid from Rauwolfia species, have been shown to have a potential therapeutic use in the management of PD since BER and RES possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-dopaminergic properties in an experimental model of PD. Recent studies suggest that it is possible to learn how alkaloids can help with the protection and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases due to their ability to stop protein clustering. These are just a few of the challenges that need to be addressed in order to make these compounds with miraculous activity of natural origin real in the clinic, including issues of scalability, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics. Advancements in the synthetic biology, nanotechnology and artificial intelligence can potentially alter the therapeutic applicability of the alkaloids. In this review, a discussion of the clinical applications and implication of alkaloids extracted from plants for medicinal purposes, as well as the actions mechanism and potential future applications is covered. Alkaloids, which blends indigenous wisdom with modern scientific research, has unearthed solutions that if realized, hold the prospects towards ending neurodegeneration.

The present investigation was undertaken to explore the various phytoconstituents of Clitoria ternatea Linn. The root extract and its bioactive constituents were also isolated for qualitative tests, unequivocal method was used for detection of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, proteins, glycosides, saponins, sugars and fixed oils. Carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids and proteins were qualitatively revealed but, tannins, saponins, sugars and fixed oils were absent. The present results point to a diverse phytochemical composition of the Clitoria ternatea root extract, underscoring the therapeutic potential of this plant source. It requires additional research to determine the pharmacological properties, and therapeutic value of these bioactive compounds.