Damage to the optic nerve, permanent loss of visual field, and death of retinal ganglion cells are the results of glaucoma, a chronic and progressive optic neuropathy. Despite the fact that lowering IOP is the primary goal of treatment, traditional methods of administering eye medications through the skin have several drawbacks, such as low bioavailability, significant drug loss into the precorneal space, rapid post-dose IOP decline, frequent dosing, and poor patient compliance. Possible answers to these problems may lie in the novel methods for administering medications to the eye made possible by nanotechnology. Improved treatment effectiveness and drug distribution for glaucoma patients may be achieved by the use of nanotechnology, which is discussed in this paper. The potential of different types of nanocarriers, such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, nano-emulsions, nanomicelles, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanogels, and hybrid systems, is examined and discussed in relation to drug solubility, stability, retention, penetration, and controlled release in the eye. It is addressed how prostaglandin analogues, β-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α₂-adrenergic agonists, and ROCK inhibitors may be delivered using nanocarriers. Furthermore, nanotechnology might enable the targeted delivery of brain-protective medications to the brain, hence reducing the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. Unfortunately, there are a few drawbacks to consider. These include issues with regulations, biocompatibility, stability of formulation, ocular toxicity, weak clinical data, and manufacturing. A patient-friendly and long-lasting drug delivery medium for glaucoma therapy can be achieved by nanotechnology, it may be concluded. More studies and clinical trials are needed to confirm the long-term efficacy, safety, and therapeutic importance of these innovative delivery systems.