The traditional medical substance Glochidion velutinum, seldom discussed, has actually been used for centuries in various cultures across the world. This comprehensive review describes the phytochemical composition of the plant, its pharmacological activities, and potential applications in modern medicine. This well-shaghout lead contains bioactive compounds with a wide range of health effects: Besides anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties it also has anti-microbial properties. Moreover, it is effective against cancer. Bioassay experiments in recent years could be taken as evidence that traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as Glochidion velutinum can be a therapeutic source for developing new drugs. Traditional uses of the plant are being confirmed by clinical studies. Its promising therapeutic prospects deserve further study. Today, through a search of the literature the authors have compiled this review article in the hope of revealing all aspects of medicinal properties contained in Glochidion velutinum together with prospects for future pharmacological or pharmaceutical research.