International Journal of

Pharmaceutical Science and Medicine

ISSN: 2584-1610 (Online)

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Medicine

All Issues

1. QUALITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDIES, AND ANTIF...
6

Karishma Yadav
Research Scholar, Faculty of Pharmacy, PK University, Thanra - 473665, Madhya Pradesh, India.

This research concerns itself with the phytochemical substances that can be isolated from the leaves of Thuja occidentalis; chromatographic characteristics of the plant; and the antifungal potentials of Thuja occidentalis. To determine the chemical tests for phytochemical screening of bioactive compounds, the tests that gave qualitative results were employed. Analytical methods that were used included chromatographic methods for instance thin layer chromatography (TLC). It was the procedure that had been used. Algorithms of the fungicidal influence of the substance were tested under the standard approach to examine changes in clinical isolates of fungi. In light of the current results, the special role of T. occidentalis into the process of forming new particular compounds in the antifungal medication therapeutic process is revealed.

2. PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF CLITORIA TERNATEA LINN. ROOT EXTRACT
8

Manyata Yadav
Research Scholar, Faculty of Pharmacy, PK University, Thanra - 473665, Madhya Pradesh, India.

The present investigation was undertaken to explore the various phytoconstituents of Clitoria ternatea Linn. The root extract and its bioactive constituents were also isolated for qualitative tests, unequivocal method was used for detection of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, proteins, glycosides, saponins, sugars and fixed oils. Carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids and proteins were qualitatively revealed but, tannins, saponins, sugars and fixed oils were absent. The present results point to a diverse phytochemical composition of the Clitoria ternatea root extract, underscoring the therapeutic potential of this plant source. It requires additional research to determine the pharmacological properties, and therapeutic value of these bioactive compounds.

3. ROLE OF PLANT-DERIVED ALKALOIDS IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE TREATMENT
6

Mayank Kumar
Research Scholar, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Gurugram - 122413, Haryana, India.

Technological advances show progressive neuronal loss, cognition, and motor function in neurodegenerative diseases that include Alzheimer?s, Parkinson?s, and Huntington?s which contribute to the most disabling conditions people live with. The current therapies aim only at the manifesting signs of a disease and not the root causes, and this after over thirty years of research. To meet this therapeutic need, innovative therapies that address the involved complex pathology of these diseases are required. Another promising approach in the search for new agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: Alkaloids of plant origin, which the nature has no lack as a chemist. In natural nitrogenous compounds called alkaloids, one detects a spectrum of pharmacological actions that suits the neuroprotective needs best. Huperzine A ? derived from Lycopodium species, is a neurological drug that is an acetylcholinesterase, while galantamine derived from Amaryllidaceae plants has revolutionized the treatment of Alzheimer disease by modifying the cholinergic system. Berberine, a naturally occurring alkaloid from the plant Berberis species and reserpine, an alkaloid from Rauwolfia species, have been shown to have a potential therapeutic use in the management of PD since BER and RES possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-dopaminergic properties in an experimental model of PD. Recent studies suggest that it is possible to learn how alkaloids can help with the protection and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases due to their ability to stop protein clustering. These are just a few of the challenges that need to be addressed in order to make these compounds with miraculous activity of natural origin real in the clinic, including issues of scalability, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics. Advancements in the synthetic biology, nanotechnology and artificial intelligence can potentially alter the therapeutic applicability of the alkaloids. In this review, a discussion of the clinical applications and implication of alkaloids extracted from plants for medicinal purposes, as well as the actions mechanism and potential future applications is covered. Alkaloids, which blends indigenous wisdom with modern scientific research, has unearthed solutions that if realized, hold the prospects towards ending neurodegeneration.

4. INNOVATIVE SYNTHESIS APPROACHES AND STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION OF BENZIMI...
9

Shubham Singh
Research Scholar, Faculty of Pharmacy, PK University, Thanra - 473665, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Benzimidazole scaffold has gained a great deal of attention in the last decades as they exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial propensity and represent a privileged structure for several biological activities. This review clearly discusses all new approaches in benizmidazole derivatives fabrication and structure optimization to increase their mother nucleus potential applications as antibacterial agents. We discuss several synthetic methods comprising of conventional pathways, and a new paradigm as microwave assisted synthesis, green chemistry methods, and multicomponent reactions. We also discuss structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies focusing on the essential functional groups and structural variations responsible for antibacterial activity. In this review, we provide information about the potential therapeutic applications of these categories of benzimidazole derivatives which may work as a scaffold for the development of new antibacterial agents, and we also try to explain the molecular basis of antibacterial action of benzimidazole derivatives. The current review probes an imperative specter of novel synthesis approaches are reported for enhanced structure of benzimidazoles as antibacterial drug candidates.

5. PHARMACOGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR A...
8

Sandeep Singh
Research Scholar, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Gurugram - 122413, Haryana, India.

Oxidative stress, among other things, contributes to aging, which is an ordinary though multifactorial process in the cells of the body. Oxidative stress, which is the disturbance with an equilibrium between body-generated ROS and antioxidants, is the main causative agent of aging and age-related diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular illnesses, and diabetes. Polyphenol antioxidants in food and medicinal plants have come to limelight as weapons against oxidative stress in the recent past. Carotenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and other words are some of the bioactive compounds of foods, beverages, and herbs that perform several tasks that include scavenging of free radicals, alteration of the cellular signal transduction pathways, return of cellular oxidant balance, and boosting of the cells? automatic protective mechanisms. This review includes analysis of the plant Origin, chemical constitutions and the healing and antagonism possessed by natural antioxidants and their pharmacognostic account. In an effort to have uniformity in analyzing these chemicals, newer techniques such as HPLC spectroscopy and chromatography are valued. The versatility of antioxidants in therapeutic applications is well illustrated in such examples as quercetien, resveratrol, curcumin. They highlighted that clinical research of the effects of geroprotectors is presented as a connection between pharmacognostic research and clinical practice, which can show their ability to fight age-related diseases and slow down aging. Innovative strategies to tackle problems such as unequal effectiveness and poor solubility are on the agenda, including features such as nanotechnology platform, ethosomal forms and bioenhancers. Only when entailing traditional pharmacognostic practices and advanced modern technology discoveries is the comprehensive recuperative significance of natural antioxidants best realized, as the present article underlines. With an aim to build a healthier and stronger populace for aging, this review attempts to encapsulate existing evidence base and forward-looking perspectives. It is made for the purpose of advancing knowledge and encourage future work in the area of anti-aging and diseases.

6. THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF FICUS BENGHALENSIS IN THE TREATMENT OF FUNGAL...
12

Smrita Shastri
Research Scholar, Faculty of Pharmacy, PK University, Thanra - 473665, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Background: Innovative therapeutic solutions become vital today because fungal infections keep increasing while antifungal resistance spreads rapidly. Scientific researchers currently study Ficus benghalensis because this tree in traditional medicine contains various bioactive compounds that show antifungal activity. This research investigates Ficus benghalensis therapeutic possibilities by analyzing its phytochemical compounds and antifungal mechanisms and possible future uses. Methods: Research based on available literature helped identify the bioactive compounds of Ficus benghalensis together with its antifungal mechanisms and translational potential. Researchers studied HPLC together with LC-MS and FTIR as advanced analytical methods to extract vital phytochemicals. Studies were carried out to examine its antifungal mechanisms by looking at membrane disruption effects and enzyme blocking mechanisms and oxidative stress effects in fungi. The research evaluated how Nano formulations and topical gels serve to improve its clinical usability. Results: The antifungal activity of Ficus benghalensis shows wide coverage because it contains flavonoids alongside tannins and sterols which attack various fungal pathways. Multiple preclinical research findings show this substance works against resistant fungal strains and novel delivery methods such as bioengineered patches alongside nanoparticles enhance both therapeutic effects and drug availability. Research indicates that these discoveries present opportunities to handle current difficulties with mainstream antifungal medications. Conclusion: The combination of traditional knowledge and contemporary pharmaceutical development creates Ficus benghalensis as a new solution for fighting fungal urine infections. Future research should conduct clinical trials in addition to developing standardization protocols and sophisticated delivery systems to achieve maximum antifungal benefits from this therapy.

7. TAZAROTENE IN NANOGEL FORMULATION A STRATEGIC ENHANCEMENT IN TOPICAL R...
4

Ashutosh Rajput
Research Scholar, Faculty of Pharmacy, PK University, Thanra - 473665, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Tazarotene, a potent retinoid, is commonly used for treating acne, psoriasis, and signs of aging. However, challenges such as poor skin penetration, irritation, and instability limit its effectiveness. Nanogels—self-assembling, stimuli-responsive delivery platforms—emerge as a revolutionary solution in overcoming these challenges. By responding to external stimuli, nanogels provide precise, controlled, and sustained release of Tazarotene directly at the target site, improving its therapeutic potential. This review investigates recent advancements in nanotechnology for enhancing Tazarotene delivery. The role of AI-driven drug design is explored, where computational simulations aid in optimizing nanogel carriers for maximum drug loading, controlled release, and targeted delivery. Further, we examine multi-functional nanogels capable of responding to diverse environmental triggers such as pH, temperature, and light, enabling dynamic drug release. The integration of digital health technologies, including wearable biosensors for real-time monitoring, is also discussed to personalize and adjust treatment according to individual patient needs. Tazarotene-loaded nanogels significantly enhance bioavailability, dermal penetration, and sustained release compared to traditional formulations. These systems minimize irritation, improve stability, and increase drug efficacy by ensuring deeper skin penetration. The combination of smart polymers and AI-assisted optimization ensures precision in drug delivery, promoting effective, personalized treatment regimens for dermatological conditions. Nanogels for Tazarotene delivery represent the next generation of precision dermatology, merging AI, smart polymers, and personalized medicine to offer a patient-centric, adaptive, and effective solution for skin disorders. This approach marks a significant step toward individualized, future-proofed dermatological therapies.

8. BOERHAVIA DIFFUSA L. (PUNARNAVA): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON ETHNOBOTAN...
4

Anshuman Yadav
Research Scholar, Faculty of Pharmacy, PK University, Thanra - 473665, Madhya Pradesh, India.

In a world pivoting toward integrative and personalized medicine, Boerhavia diffusa L. (Punarnava) emerges as a phytopharmacological gem bridging ancestral knowledge with 21st -century drug discovery. Celebrated in Ayurveda for revitalizing organs and restoring systemic balance, this resilient herb holds untapped potential for treating complex disorders like inflammation, diabetes, and renal dysfunction. This review offers a multidimensional exploration of its traditional wisdom, biochemical depth, and modern translational relevance. A transdisciplinary approach was employed, analyzing peer-reviewed databases for ethnomedical documentation, bioactive profiling via advanced spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS, FTIR, NMR), and pharmacological insights from in vitro, in vivo, and emerging in silico models. Novel formulation strategies—including nanocarriers, phytosomes, and hybrid herbal scaffolds-were examined for enhancing bioavailability, targeting, and therapeutic index. Boerhavia diffusa hosts a dynamic phytochemical matrix-punarnavine, boeravinones, ursolic acid, and flavonoids that act as polypharmacological agents. These modulate redox signaling, immune checkpoints, and metabolic enzymes, offering renoprotective, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and cytoprotective effects. Smart delivery systems-nanogels, biopolymer conjugates, and green-synthesized nanoparticles-amplify its efficacy and reduce toxicity. Bioinformatics tools and molecular docking studies further reveal promising interactions with key therapeutic targets, inviting new drug leads from this traditional herb. Boerhavia diffusa is more than a medicinal plant-it's a biointelligent system with vast therapeutic implications. To harness its full potential, the roadmap ahead must integrate omics-driven validation, AI-assisted drug design, and eco-sustainable cultivation practices to elevate this ancient remedy into a global therapeutic asset.

9. SYZYGIUM CUMINI: A NATURAL REMEDY EXPLORED THROUGH ETHNOBOTANICAL AND...
5

Gulfam Ahmad
Research Scholar, Faculty of Pharmacy, PK University, Thanra - 473665, Madhya Pradesh, India.

In the dynamic frontier of precision medicine, Syzygium cumini (Jamun) emerges as a bioinformatics-driven therapeutic marvel, poised to revolutionize the treatment of chronic conditions like diabetes, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Traditionally celebrated in Ayurveda for its medicinal properties, this plant is now a beacon for the convergence of ethnopharmacology, synthetic biology, and quantum pharmacology. With its vast array of bioactive compounds, S. cumini is redefining the landscape of modern drug discovery, opening new doors for multi-targeted, systems-based treatments. This review applies a transdisciplinary approach, combining ancient medicinal wisdom with state-of-the-art computational biology, quantum molecular docking, and nano-bioengineering. Omics technologies (genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics) are integrated with AI-driven data mining, synthetic biology models, and systems pharmacology to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying S. cumini's therapeutic effects. We also explore the role of programmable nanocarriers, smart drug delivery systems, and bioprinting for targeted, personalized therapeutics. Syzygium cumini holds a dynamic phytochemical profile, with anthocyanins, flavonoids, and ellagitannins acting on insulin signaling, oxidative stress regulation, and epigenetic modulation. Cutting-edge bioinformatics tools reveal multi-target interactions, suggesting a holistic therapeutic approach for diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Quantum pharmacology and molecular modeling predict synergistic interactions with unconventional drug targets, amplifying its efficacy. Syzygium cumini is no longer just a plant; it is a bio-digital platform for the next generation of personalized, multi-dimensional medicine. Harnessing its full potential requires the integration of AI, synthetic biology, and eco-sustainable nanotechnology, shaping the future of bio-intelligent therapeutics.

10. TERMINALIA ARJUNA AS A NATURAL REMEDY FOR KIDNEY STONE PREVENTION AND...
2

Mohammad Shamim
Research Scholar, Faculty of Pharmacy, PK University, Thanra - 473665, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Background: In the evolving paradigm of green pharmacology, Terminalia arjuna is emerging as a potent, bio-inspired solution for tackling kidney stone disease (urolithiasis). Revered in Ayurveda for its cardioprotective and nephroprotective properties, T. arjuna is now positioned as a multidisciplinary powerhouse in the realm of smart, sustainable therapeutics. Its complex phytochemical landscape, enriched with arjunic acid, flavonoids, and saponins, drives a holistic approach to treating urolithiasis by addressing not only the stones but also the underlying metabolic and oxidative imbalances. Methods: This review integrates quantum molecular modeling, artificial intelligence (AI)-powered predictive analytics, and nanopharmacology to explore T. arjuna’s multifaceted action against kidney stones. Through advanced computational simulations, the interactions of T. arjuna’s active compounds with stone-forming molecules are mapped, while cutting-edge nanocarrier systems and bio-nanotechnology are explored for enhancing targeted renal delivery. The review also delves into the biomolecular and genomic pathways modulated by T. arjuna in preventing stone formation and enhancing renal tissue regeneration. Results: T. arjuna offers an innovative, multi-pronged attack against urolithiasis, leveraging its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and crystallization-modifying properties. AI-driven modeling identifies its molecular binding sites in the renal system, while smart nanostructures increase bioavailability and tissue specificity. Evidence from in-vitro and in-vivo studies underscores its ability to prevent stone formation, dissolve existing stones, and promote renal regeneration. Conclusion: Terminalia arjuna transcends its historical roots, emerging as a bio-digital hybrid in renal therapeutics. By merging AI, nanotechnology, and plant-based precision medicine, it promises a personalized, eco-sustainable future in kidney stone management.

11. BERBERIS VULGARIS IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF METABOLIC DISORDE...
2

Anurag Mishra
Research Scholar, Faculty of Pharmacy, PK University, Thanra - 473665, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Background: Metabolic disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia represent interconnected global health challenges with escalating prevalence. Despite advances in pharmacotherapy, conventional treatments often fail to address the multifactorial nature of these conditions and pose risks of side effects. Berberis vulgaris (barberry), a medicinal plant enriched with berberine and other bioactive compounds, has emerged as a promising alternative due to its multi-targeted therapeutic potential. This review explores the role of B. vulgaris in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders, highlighting its innovative mechanisms and clinical applicability. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to analysed preclinical and clinical studies on B. vulgaris. Phytochemical profiling using advanced techniques like HPLC and GC-MS was assessed, along with pharmacological evaluations of its anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. Mechanistic pathways, including AMPK activation, RAAS modulation, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibition, were explored. Toxicity studies and emerging formulation strategies, such as nanomedicines and functional foods, were reviewed to evaluate safety and efficacy. Results: B. vulgaris exhibits potent therapeutic activity by lowering blood glucose, regulating blood pressure, and reducing lipid levels. Recent evidence also highlights its role in gut microbiota modulation, oxidative stress reduction, and anti-inflammatory action, offering a systemic approach to metabolic regulation. Advanced formulations, including barberry-based nutraceuticals, have enhanced bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes in recent studies. Conclusion: Berberis vulgaris offers an innovative, nature-inspired solution for addressing metabolic disorders. While its potential is evident, further large-scale clinical trials and formulation standardization are imperative to integrate it into mainstream healthcare.