International Journal of

Pharmaceutical Science and Medicine

ISSN: 2584-1610 (Online)

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Medicine

All Issues

1. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOPHORE IN COMPUTER AIDED DRUG DESIGN
14

Uttam Kumar Mishra
Department of Pharmacy, Gyan Pharmacy College, Uttar Pradesh, India.

When there is a paucity of structural data for the target receptor, pharmacophore mapping becomes one of the most important aspects of the drug design process. This is particularly true. After having its beginnings in the process of discovering lead molecules, the approach is now being used in the process of lead optimization. As a query, pharmacophores can be used to obtain potential leads from structural databases (lead discovery). They can also be used to create molecules with distinct desirable features (lead optimization), and they can be used to employ pharmacophore fingerprints in order to evaluate the similarity and variety of compounds. Additional applications include the alignment of molecules based on the 3D chemical feature configurations of the molecules and the building of prediction 3D QSAR models. After a brief introduction to the progression of pharmacophores over the course of time, this investigation will focus on the history of pharmacophore detection methods, beginning with their inception and progressing all the way up to the development of cutting-edge tools such as Catalyst, GASP, and DISCO. In addition, we highlight some recent accomplishments in the field of drug development by making use of conventional approaches to pharmacophore generation.

2. OMICRON: THE VARIANT OF CONCERN
6

Vivek Pal
Smt. Vidyawati College of Pharmacy, Jhansi - 284128, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background: OMICRON, a SARS-COV-2 strain, has generated global concern. This brief article discusses the discovery and dissemination of, which spurred hypotheses about omicron's genesis and infectious responsibility. Mutant strain in spike protein's RBD region exceeds vaccine immunity, causing worry. The next part discusses transmission, infectivity, morbidity, and COVID-19 immunisation. Classification: WHO and TAG-VE suggested viral evolution on November 26, 2021. They called B.1.1.529 omicron. This finding was based on TAG-VE data showing that Omicron has various alterations that affect how it acts, such as how easy it spreads or the severity of the disease it caused. Symptoms: The unique COVID variation "Omicron" caused high fever, sputum, fatigue, and loss of taste and smell. Transmission: How Omicron was more transmissible than Delta is unclear. In Africa, where this variation is prevalent, more persons are positive. Epidemiological research will identify whether this is related to Omicron or other variables. Severity: Due to improved population immunity and lower severity of intrinsic Omicron infections, the Omicron outbreak will likely have a lower impact on people's health than prior covid-19 waves. In South Africa's predominantly youthful population, 21% were hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. Patients with catastrophic clinical outcomes might rise during epidemics in communities with numerous enumerations and lower disease levels or give vaccination protection. Milder symptoms in South Africa following omicron versus delta infection are comforting. Omicron strain breakouts won't have little health effects elsewhere. Treatment: Remdesivir, Molnupiravir, and Paxlovid (not yet available in India) are suggested in the early stages of a viral infection. This prevents the illness from developing. Conclusion: Most therapeutic antibodies licenced to treat covid-19 are ineffective in the Omicron variant, according to the research.

3. PRESENT STATUS OF MONKEYPOX IN INDIA
5

Deeksha Tiwari
Faculty of Pharmacy, Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical Campus Bichpuri, Agra - 283105, Uttar Pradesh, India.

The monkeypox poxvirus is linked to smallpox and spreads via human-animal interaction. Previous smallpox protection provides minimal monkeypox protection. Slowly increasing monkeypox cases in Africa were generally ignored by the scientific community until last year, when more than 16,000 cases were recorded from nonendemic nations. WHO recently declared monkeypox a global health emergency. Although most instances are in males who have sex with other men, the disease threatens the whole population. A short feverish sickness with lymphadenopathy preceded the rash, which spreads radially outward. Recovery usually takes two to four weeks. Children, new parents, and those with weakened immune systems are prone to complications. PCR can diagnose viral DNA. Most treatment focuses on symptom relief. Tecorivimat is a good antiviral. High-risk populations, healthcare practitioners, and PCR labs should acquire smallpox immunizations. Symptom relief is usually enough. Tecorivimat fights viruses. Healthcare personnel and individuals in intimate social networks should be vaccinated against smallpox.

4. CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY: A PROMISING DAWN IN CANCER RESEARCH
3

Shruti Agrawal
IIMT College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida- 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Cancer is an extremely proliferative illness with several causes, including aberrations in cell cycle control and apoptosis, DNA damage, an impaired repair mechanism, and so forth. Multiple kinds of immune cells, both innate and adaptive, are found in the cancer microenvironment and play a significant role in the development of the illness. The chemicals generated by inflammatory cells in the cancer microenvironment are the most crucial in establishing a link between inflammation, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and cancer. Anti-tumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic responses in cancer may be triggered by chemicals released by immune cells. The balance between immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory signals within the inflammatory milieu plays a crucial role in tumour suppression. Immunotherapeutic strategies may be more useful in the fight against cancer. The chances for immunotherapy, both on its own and in conjunction with conventional medicines, are, nevertheless, increasing as immunobiology and cancer research continue to develop. As a result, this review makes an effort to highlight a potential and future-looking immunotherapeutic technique that may be used in conjunction with standard treatment methods.

5. THE DEVELOPMENT OF AYURVEDA: FROM ANCIENT PRACTICE TO MODERN FAD
5

Dilip Kumar Chanchal
PhD. Research Scholar, Glocal School of Pharmacy, The Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur - 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Aim: The goal of this study was to find out more about Ayurveda and how it has influenced drug discovery strategies. Materials and methods: We've read every published study on Ayurveda's extensive history and wide-ranging usage today. Ayurvedic pharmaceutical quality evaluation includes quality control, standardisation, chemo-profiling, and metabolite fingerprinting. Developing safe, effective, high-quality Ayurvedic medications for human health is gaining pace. Scientific documentation, process validation, and other variables ensure the quality, safety, and effectiveness of Ayurvedic drugs. Results: This study focuses on Ayurveda's main goal and role in healthcare. Ayurveda discusses Arka, Asavas, Aristas, Churna, Taila, Vati, Gutika, Bhasma, etc. Ayurvedic herbs yielded many interesting therapeutic ingredients. Chemo-profiling is required to assess Ayurvedic medication effectiveness. Standardization, stability, and quality consistency of Ayurvedic items are talked about, as well as measuring bioactive chemicals, identifying fake and similar drugs, and chromatographic fingerprinting. Conclusion: Scientific validation and documentation are essential for Ayurvedic treatment to be acknowledged globally. Ayurvedic herbs' identification, purity, safety, drug content, and physical and biological qualities may all contribute to their medicinal efficacy. Ayurvedic medicine must be studied using cutting-edge science to be acknowledged. This study tries to help by pointing out important things to think about as Ayurvedic medicine spreads.

6. EMERGING TRENDS IN GENE THERAPY: APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES
4

Mohammad Jamali
Assistant Professor-Health & Medical Sciences, Westford University, UK.

Gene therapy is a field that is changing quickly and has a lot of potential for treating a wide range of diseases that people are born with or get over time. This article is a review of recent developments in gene therapy and how it might be used to treat different medical conditions. It looks at the different ways gene therapy can be done, such as with viral and non-viral vectors, genome-editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9, and RNA-based therapies. The article talks about the problems and limits that researchers and doctors face when trying to use gene therapy successfully. These include immune responses, off-target effects, and ethical concerns. Also, it shows how the future of gene therapy as a transformative medical intervention is being shaped by ongoing clinical trials and regulatory issues.