This research work describes the traditional and phytochemical properties of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn., a medicinal plant used for treatment of ailments of which it possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-urolithiatic effects. The research centers on identifying and measuring the flavonoid and phenolic contents of the leaves of the plant due to their recognized health impacts. In this study which employed soxhlet extraction with ethanol being the chief solvent, the extraction yields of phenolics and flavonoids were very high, in line with colorimetric assay results. Alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids were isolated through phytochemical screening further expanding the antioxidant capability and bio activity of the plant source. These results endorse the folk use of N. arbor-tristis and call for the more systematic study of the plant in the framework of a treatment on kidney-related disorders and oxidative stress.

The current work seeks to analyze TLC profile, phytochemical constituents, and antimicrobial activities of Eucalyptus globulus root extract. Eucalyptus globulus including other medicinal plants are sources of bioactive compounds; however, the root extracts of this species are still unknown. In order to close this gap, a methanolic extract of the roots was prepared by the use of soxhlet extraction technique giving a percentage yield of 7.23% w/w which could be considered high since it suggests good recovery of phytoconstituents have been made. Phytochemical analysis of the extract call for presence of several bio active compounds among them are flavonoids, terpenes, phenol, tannin, saponin and glycoside that possess various pharmacological activities. TLC profiling for flavonoids had an Rf value of 0.87 while terpenes had an Rf value of 0.31, phenols had an Rf of 0.25 and tannins had Rf of 0.19. These findings agreed with the chemical variation and abundance of the extract. Apart from the phytochemical characterization, the ant-bacterial efficiency of the extract was also assessed against different bacterial and fungal isolates. The extract showed moderate antibacterial efficacy against the examined bacteria especially gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and K. pneumoniae with MIC values comparable to the standard Gentamycin. Still, the activity documented against the gram-negative bacteria and the fungal strains was relatively low. However, the inhibition zones noticed during the antifungal assays indicate that extract has the ability to cure fungal infections. The outcome of this research disproves the use of Eucalyptus globulus root to give phytochemicals used in antimicrobial products. On one hand, its moderate antifungal potency, however, demonstrate its SOME limitation, but on the other, the extract exhibit activity against gram-positive bacteria making it a potential natural source for manufacture of efficient antimicrobial compounds. Subsequent research works on the identification and profiling of these molecules may significantly improve the therapeutic value of the plant in creating new forms of herbal medicine and antimicrobial pharmaceuticals.

Pharmacology, medicinal plants, bioactive substances, therapeutic uses, and clinical research These bioactive compounds found in plants; alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and glycosides, are giving good account of themselves as substitutes for synthetic chemicals which do not effectively manage complex diseases or are associated with side effects. This review shows how these substances work along the different therapeutic pathways of treating multiple diseases such as the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, antibacterial properties, and anticancer properties. A review of ongoing clinical trials presents medicinal plants as novel therapies for cancer, heart diseases, neurological disorders and other diseases associated with the metabolic syndrome. However, there are still a lot of challenges despite the potential and benefits especially on the formulation of products from plants for purposes of safety for human consumption and efficacies of such products. Some of the new approaches we describe in this article to overcome these challenges and enhance plant-derived medicines include biotechnological methods in phytochemical characterization and genetic modifications to boost potency. To properly integrate many of the used medicinal plants into health care systems, this synthesis affords further research together with enhanced legislation on the same. From here it will be possible to develop more reasonable, client-centered and efficacious treatment options. As such, we propose that, medicinal plants can help to take up the worthy torch in defining future therapies by bridging between traditional and modern knowledge in a way that encompasses more of an approach to health.

The traditional medical substance Glochidion velutinum, seldom discussed, has actually been used for centuries in various cultures across the world. This comprehensive review describes the phytochemical composition of the plant, its pharmacological activities, and potential applications in modern medicine. This well-shaghout lead contains bioactive compounds with a wide range of health effects: Besides anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties it also has anti-microbial properties. Moreover, it is effective against cancer. Bioassay experiments in recent years could be taken as evidence that traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as Glochidion velutinum can be a therapeutic source for developing new drugs. Traditional uses of the plant are being confirmed by clinical studies. Its promising therapeutic prospects deserve further study. Today, through a search of the literature the authors have compiled this review article in the hope of revealing all aspects of medicinal properties contained in Glochidion velutinum together with prospects for future pharmacological or pharmaceutical research.

Actually, herbal medicines are an essential part of traditional systems of medicine and are now finding acceptance in modern medicine. However, owing to the bio pharmacological activities of their phytoconstituents, standardization, quality control, and scientific validation face several challenges. Secondary metabolites that are bioactive compounds within the herbal remedies are mostly present within matrix-encapsulated, and matrix variations are not alike which makes the identification and quantification difficult. This review aims at discussing several challenges that are being faced in the phytochemical research, and the evolution in analytical technologist that is being used to overcome these challenges. Contemporary flow-based chromatographic techniques like UPLC and hyphenated methodologies inclusive of GC-MS quickly and accurately separate and quantify the contained phytoconstituents in a highly sensitive manner. At the same time, spectroscopy methods, such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), enable the analysis of complexes and their structures with little sample pre-treatment required. Hyphenated techniques like LC-MS, HPLC-DAD are amalgamation of two or more than two conventional techniques, which have optimized procedures and detailed solutions for complex herbal matrix. Besides traditional analytical methodologies including conventional laboratory tests, more recent techniques involve portable miniaturized analytical systems, and application of artificial intelligence. These encompass artifacts that enable analysis at the scene or on-site enhancements that use machine learning algorithms to improve analysis of data obtained. However, the common issues are still there, including the cost, technical knowledge, and permission requirements. This review underscores these developments while underlining the concern on safety, quality, and international recognition of these herbal products. Linking conventional practices with innovation, these methods release the potential of phytoconstituents for enhancing the prospect for the world?s health.